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The pathophysiology of sleep paralysis has not been concretely identified, although there are several theories about its cause. [10] The first of these stems from the understanding that sleep paralysis is a parasomnia resulting from dysfunctional overlap of the REM and waking stages of sleep. [11]
Sleep paralysis occurs when your mind is awake, but your body can’t move, Xue Ming, a sleep expert and professor of neurology at the Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, tells me. You can ...
Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that impairs the ability to regulate sleep–wake cycles, and specifically impacts REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. [1] The pentad symptoms of narcolepsy include excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sleep-related hallucinations, sleep paralysis, disturbed nocturnal sleep (DNS), and cataplexy. [1]
Sleep paralysis is associated with sleep-related hallucinations. [22] Predisposing factors for the development of recurrent isolated sleep paralysis are sleep deprivation, an irregular sleep-wake cycle, e.g. caused by shift work, or stress. [22] A possible cause could be the prolongation of REM sleep muscle atonia upon awakening. [34]
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Other major causes are stroke, trauma with nerve injury, poliomyelitis, cerebral palsy, peripheral neuropathy, Parkinson's disease, ALS, botulism, spina bifida, multiple sclerosis, and Guillain–Barré syndrome. Temporary paralysis occurs during REM sleep, and dysregulation of this system can lead to episodes of waking paralysis.
Sleep apnea is a serious medical condition that causes interruptions in your sleep leading to a wide range of symptoms. Learn more about the condition and how to get diagnosed.
Hypnagogia is the transitional state from wakefulness to sleep, also defined as the waning state of consciousness during the onset of sleep. (Its corresponding state is hypnopompia –sleep to wakefulness.) Mental phenomena that may occur during this "threshold consciousness" include hallucinations, lucid dreaming, and sleep paralysis.