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Hepburn romanization (Japanese: ヘボン式ローマ字, Hepburn: Hebon-shiki rōmaji, lit. ' Hepburn-style Roman letters ' ) is the main system of romanization for the Japanese language . The system was originally published in 1867 by American Christian missionary and physician James Curtis Hepburn as the standard in the first edition of his ...
Hepburn romanization generally follows English phonology with Romance vowels. It is an intuitive method of showing Anglophones the pronunciation of a word in Japanese. It was standardized in the United States as American National Standard System for the Romanization of Japanese (Modified Hepburn) , but that status was abolished on October 6, 1994.
James Curtis Hepburn (/ ˈ h ɛ p b ər n /; March 13, 1815 – September 21, 1911) was an American physician, educator, translator and lay Christian missionary.He is known for the Hepburn romanization system for transliteration of the Japanese language into the Latin alphabet, which he popularized in his Japanese–English dictionary.
Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, and transcription, for representing the spoken word, and combinations of both. Transcription methods can be subdivided into phonemic transcription , which records the phonemes or units of semantic meaning in speech, and more strict phonetic transcription , which ...
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The romanization system published in this edition is often considered authoritative for fixing the Modified Hepburn, also known as Revised Hepburn romanization. 4th Edition (Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary/新和英大辞典 第四版) (1974): Includes 80000 headwords, 100000 compound words and sentences, 50000 examples.
Hepburn romanization, a system for the romanization of Japanese; Places. Australia. Shire of Hepburn, a local government area in Victoria;
Kunrei-shiki romanization (Japanese: 訓令式ローマ字, Hepburn: Kunrei-shiki rōmaji), also known as the Monbusho system (named after the endonym for the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) or MEXT system, [1] is the Cabinet-ordered romanization system for transcribing the Japanese language into the Latin alphabet.