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Parental alienation is a theorized process through which a child becomes estranged from one parent as the result of the psychological manipulation of another parent. [1] [2] The child's estrangement may manifest itself as fear, disrespect or hostility toward the distant parent, and may extend to additional relatives or parties.
Parental alienation syndrome is a term coined by child psychiatrist Richard A. Gardner drawing upon his clinical experiences in the early 1980s. [2] [3] The concept of one parent attempting to separate their child from the other parent as punishment or part of a divorce have been described since at least the 1940s, [8] [9] but Gardner was the first to define a specific syndrome.
Charlotte Proudman, who has represented many parents accused of parental alienation, said it was a "great step forward". The charity Women's Aid said it was "a positive step in the right direction".
The Perverse Triangle was first described in 1977 by Jay Haley [6] as a triangle where two people who are on different hierarchical or generational levels form a coalition against a third person (e.g., "a covert alliance between a parent and a child, who band together to undermine the other parent's power and authority".) [7] The perverse triangle concept has been widely discussed in ...
Third-party custody, an arrangement whereby the children do not remain with either biological parent, ... combating parental alienation, and access enforcement". ...
Although the rejected party's psychological and physical health may decline, the estrangement initiator's may improve due to the cessation of abuse and conflict. [2] [3] The social rejection in family estrangement is the equivalent of ostracism which undermines four fundamental human needs: the need to belong, the need for control in social situations, the need to maintain high levels of self ...
Members also work to raise awareness of parental alienation. [23] Together with the International Council on Shared Parenting, the National Parents Organization sponsored the Third International Conference on Shared Parenting, held in Boston in May 2017.
Tyson’s ex-husband Tom Oddo sued Tyson in 2000, winning what was then a record judgment of $1.4 million in an alienation of affection lawsuit. In 2003, an appeals court knocked the decision down ...