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Railway interlocking is of British origin, where numerous patents were granted. In June 1856, John Saxby received the first patent for interlocking switches and signals. [2] [3]: 23–24 In 1868, Saxby (of Saxby & Farmer) [4] was awarded a patent for what is known today in North America as “preliminary latch locking”.
Railway signalling (BE), or railroad signaling (AE), is a system used to control the movement of railway traffic. Trains move on fixed rails , making them uniquely susceptible to collision . This susceptibility is exacerbated by the enormous weight and inertia of a train, which makes it difficult to quickly stop when encountering an obstacle.
William Robert Sykes (1840–1917) was a British engineer from London, known for his work in railway signalling and other safety devices.He is noted for the invention of the Sykes ‘Lock and block’ interlocking system of points and signals.
Automatic block signaling uses a series of automated signals, normally lights or flags, that change their display, or aspect, based on the movement of trains past a sensor. This is by far the most common type of block system as of 2018, [update] used in almost every type of railway from rapid transit systems to railway mainlines.
Standards for North American railroad signaling in the United States are issued by the Association of American Railroads (AAR), which is a trade association of the railroads of Canada, the US, and Mexico. Their system is loosely based on practices developed in the United Kingdom during the early years of railway development. However, North ...
Signal box and tracks at Deval interlocking, Des Plaines, in 1993 Originally, all signaling was done by mechanical means.Points and signals were operated locally from individual levers or handles, requiring the signalman to walk between the various pieces of equipment to set them in the required position for each train that passed.
A mechanical lever frame inside the signal box at Knockcroghery in Ireland Waterloo station A signalbox, LSWR (Howden, Boys' Book of Locomotives, 1907). Mechanical railway signalling installations rely on lever frames for their operation to interlock the signals, track locks [1] and points to allow the safe operation of trains in the area the signals control.
In a Solid State Interlocking the signal module has a "Green-Proved" output from its driver electronics that is used to energise the electromagnet. BR Standard Strength AWS track equipment. When the distant signal is at 'caution' or yellow (on), the electro-magnet is de-energised. As the train passes, the permanent magnet sets the system.