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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 4 February 2025. 18th to 19th-century Catholic religious outposts in California For the establishments in modern-day Mexico, see Spanish missions in Baja California. The locations of the 21 Franciscan missions in Alta California. Part of a series on Spanish missions in the Americas of the Catholic Church ...
In 1811, the Spanish Viceroy in Mexico sent an interrogatorio (questionnaire) to all missions in Alta California regarding the customs, disposition, and condition of the Mission Indians. [5] The replies, which varied greatly in length, spirit, and even value of information, were collected and prefaced by the Father-Presidente with a short ...
Two Franciscan missions, Mission Puerto de Purísima Concepción and Mission San Pedro y San Pablo de Bicuñer, were constructed within the present-day borders of California but were administered as part of the Spanish missions of Pimería Alta. As such, they are not considered a part of the 21 missions of Alta California.
Mission Carmel (a.k.a.The Carmel Mission) was the second mission built by Franciscan missionaries in Upper California.It was first established as Mission San Carlos Borromeo in Monterey, California near the native village of Tamo on June 3, 1770, by Father Junípero Serra.
Over 90,000 Indigenous peoples were forced to stay at the Spanish missions in California between 1770 and 1834, being kept in well-guarded mission compounds. This has been described as de facto slavery, [1] as they were forced to work on the mission's grounds amid abuse, malnourishment, overworking, [2] and a high death rate. [3]
Statues of the Spanish missionary Junípero Serra were recently toppled in the U.S. cities of San Francisco, Los Angeles and Sacramento as part of a national movement for racial justice sparked by ...
St. Carlos, near Monterey, c. 1792 Spanish missions in California. The Mexican Secularization Act of 1833, officially called the Decree for the Secularization of the Missions of California, [1] was an act passed by the Congress of the Union of the First Mexican Republic which secularized the Californian missions.
An early account of life at the Mission was written by one of its Native American converts, Luiseño Pablo Tac, in his work Indian Life and Customs at Mission San Luis Rey: A Record of California Mission Life by Pablo Tac, An Indian Neophyte (written c. 1835 in Rome, later edited and translated in 1958 by Minna Hewes and Gordon Hewes). [20]