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In psychology, adjustment is the condition of a person who is able to adapt to changes in their physical, occupational, and social environment. [1] In other words, adjustment refers to the behavioral process of balancing conflicting needs or needs challenged by obstacles in the environment.
The frustration–aggression hypothesis, also known as the frustration–aggression–displacement theory, is a theory of aggression proposed by John Dollard, Neal Miller, Leonard Doob, Orval Mowrer, and Robert Sears in 1939, [1] and further developed by Neal Miller in 1941 [2] and Leonard Berkowitz in 1989. [3]
Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-8058-2819-1. This book is an accessible introduction to IRT, aimed, as the title says, at psychologists. Baker, Frank (2001). The Basics of Item Response Theory. ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation, University of Maryland, College Park, MD. This introductory book is by one of the pioneers in the field.
However, while some studies show that it does not seem to be as effective as post testing overall, [100] others show that it is at least as effective as post-testing. [101] The pre-testing effect does appear to be more target focused on the specific material to be learned and should not be seen as correlated with more generalised curiosity. [102]
The dominant account of extinction involves associative models. However, there is debate over whether extinction involves simply "unlearning" the unconditional stimulus (US) – Conditional stimulus (CS) association (e.g., the Rescorla–Wagner account) or, alternatively, a "new learning" of an inhibitory association that masks the original excitatory association (e.g., Konorski, Pearce and ...
Social psychology is the scientific study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. [1] Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables ...
Ioannidis (2005): "Why Most Published Research Findings Are False".[1]The replication crisis [a] is an ongoing methodological crisis in which the results of many scientific studies are difficult or impossible to reproduce.
Despite criticisms, the TAT continues to be used as a tool for research into areas of psychology such as dreams, fantasies, mate selection and what motivates people to choose their occupation. Sometimes it is used in a psychiatric or psychological context to assess personality disorders , thought disorders , in forensic examinations to evaluate ...