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[5] [6] A relational database definition (database schema, sometimes referred to as a relational schema) can thus be thought of as a collection of named relation schemas. [7] [8] In implementations, the domain of each attribute is effectively a data type [9] and a named relation schema is effectively a relation variable (relvar for short).
The formal definition of a database schema is a set of formulas (sentences) called integrity constraints imposed on a database. [citation needed] These integrity constraints ensure compatibility between parts of the schema. All constraints are expressible in the same language.
The term "schema" refers to the organization of data as a blueprint of how the database is constructed (divided into database tables in the case of relational databases). The formal definition of a database schema is a set of formulas (sentences) called integrity constraints imposed on a database.
The relational model (RM) is an approach to managing data using a structure and language consistent with first-order predicate logic, first described in 1969 by English computer scientist Edgar F. Codd, [1] [2] where all data are represented in terms of tuples, grouped into relations.
Rather, they show entity sets (all entities of the same entity type) and relationship sets (all relationships of the same relationship type). For example, a particular song is an entity, the collection of all songs in a database is an entity set, the eaten relationship between a child and his lunch is a single relationship, and the set of all ...
The set of all tuples over D is denoted as T D. The subset of C for which a tuple t is defined is called the domain of t (not to be confused with the domain in the schema) and denoted as dom(t). Finally we define a relational database given a schema S = (D, R, h) as a function db : R → 2 T D
A conceptual schema or conceptual data model is a high-level description of informational needs underlying the design of a database. [1] [2] It typically includes only the core concepts and the main relationships among them. This is a high-level model with insufficient detail to build a complete, functional database. [3]
All relations (and, thus, tables) in a relational database have to adhere to some basic rules to qualify as relations. First, the ordering of columns is immaterial in a table. Second, there can not be identical tuples or rows in a table. And third, each tuple will contain a single value for each of its attributes.