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Metronidazole and its metabolites are mainly excreted via the kidneys (77%) and to a lesser extent via the faeces (14%). [7] [8] The biological half-life of metronidazole in healthy adults is eight hours, in infants during the first two months of their lives about 23 hours, and in premature babies up to 100 hours. [61]
Diverticulitis; Other names: Colonic diverticulitis: Section of the large bowel (sigmoid colon) showing multiple pouches (diverticula).The diverticula appear on either side of the longitudinal muscle bundle (taenium), which runs horizontally across the specimen in an arc.
The anti-ulcer dosing regimens generally repair the injury of gastric mucosal layer in PUD. Examples of dosing regimen: [17] Amoxicillin + clarithromycin + PPI; Bismuth subsalicylate + tetracycline + metronidazole + PPI; PPI + amoxicillin for 5 days, then PPI + clarithromycin + metronidazole for 5 days; All therapies last for at least 2 weeks. [18]
Diverticulitis is defined as diverticular disease with signs and symptoms of diverticular inflammation. Clinical features of acute diverticulitis include constant abdominal pain, localized abdominal tenderness in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, fever and leukocytosis .
Antibiotics include ciprofloxacin and metronidazole, given for 14 days. If symptoms recur after improvement with antibiotics, a second course of antibiotics may be given. If an initial course of antibiotics is ineffective, then mesalamine may be tried. If mesalamine is ineffective, then a course of prednisone may be helpful.
While a low-fiber diet is generally used for acute diverticulitis, the NIH guidelines recommend a high-fiber diet for patients with diverticulosis (a condition that may lead to diverticulitis). [17] A Mayo Clinic review from 2011 showed that a high-fiber diet can prevent diverticular disease.
A Meckel's diverticulum, a true congenital diverticulum, is a slight bulge in the small intestine present at birth and a vestigial remnant of the vitelline duct.It is the most common malformation of the gastrointestinal tract and is present in approximately 2% of the population, [1] with males more frequently experiencing symptoms.
Abdominal pain is the reason about 3% of adults see their family physician. [2] Rates of emergency department (ED) visits in the United States for abdominal pain increased 18% from 2006 through to 2011. This was the largest increase out of 20 common conditions seen in the ED. The rate of ED use for nausea and vomiting also increased 18%. [28]