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  2. Heat transfer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_transfer

    Heat transfer is classified into various mechanisms, such as thermal conduction, thermal convection, thermal radiation, and transfer of energy by phase changes. Engineers also consider the transfer of mass of differing chemical species (mass transfer in the form of advection), either cold or hot, to achieve heat transfer. While these mechanisms ...

  3. Earth's internal heat budget - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_internal_heat_budget

    Earth heat transport occurs by conduction, mantle convection, hydrothermal convection, and volcanic advection. [15] Earth's internal heat flow to the surface is thought to be 80% due to mantle convection, with the remaining heat mostly originating in the Earth's crust, [16] with about 1% due to volcanic activity, earthquakes, and mountain ...

  4. Atmospheric convection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_convection

    Atmospheric convection is the vertical transport of heat and moisture in the atmosphere.It occurs when warmer, less dense air rises, while cooler, denser air sinks. This process is driven by parcel-environment instability, meaning that a "parcel" of air is warmer and less dense than the surrounding environment at the same altitude.

  5. Convection (heat transfer) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convection_(Heat_transfer)

    Convection (or convective heat transfer) is the transfer of heat from one place to another due to the movement of fluid. Although often discussed as a distinct method of heat transfer, convective heat transfer involves the combined processes of conduction (heat diffusion) and advection (heat transfer by bulk fluid flow ).

  6. Earth's energy budget - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_energy_budget

    Earth's energy budget (or Earth's energy balance) is the balance between the energy that Earth receives from the Sun and the energy the Earth loses back into outer space. Smaller energy sources, such as Earth's internal heat, are taken into consideration, but make a tiny contribution compared to solar energy.

  7. Thermal radiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_radiation

    Thermal radiation is one of the fundamental mechanisms of heat transfer, along with conduction and convection. The primary method by which the Sun transfers heat to the Earth is thermal radiation. This energy is partially absorbed and scattered in the atmosphere, the latter process being the reason why the sky is visibly blue. [3]

  8. Heat transfer physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_transfer_physics

    The photon Hamiltonian for the quantized radiation field (second quantization) is [37] [38] = (+) =, († +), where e e and b e are the electric and magnetic fields of the EM radiation, ε o and μ o are the free-space permittivity and permeability, V is the interaction volume, ω ph,α is the photon angular frequency for the α mode and c α ...

  9. Outgoing longwave radiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outgoing_longwave_radiation

    This radiation is in the infrared portion of the spectrum, but is distinct from the shortwave (SW) near-infrared radiation found in sunlight. [1]: 2251 Outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) is the longwave radiation emitted to space from the top of Earth's atmosphere. [1]: 2241 It may also be referred to as emitted terrestrial radiation. Outgoing ...