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The use of Bt cotton in India has grown exponentially since its introduction in 2002. [25] Eight years after the deployment of Bt cotton, India became the number one exporter of cotton globally and the second largest cotton producer in the world. India has bred Bt-cotton varieties such as Bikaneri Nerma and hybrids such as NHH-44. [26]
It reached the cotton belt in the southern United States by the 1920s. It was a major pest in the cotton fields of the southern California deserts. The USDA announced in 2018 [2] that it had been eradicated from the continental United States, through the synergistic combination of using transgenic Bt cotton and releasing sterile males. [3]
It is known as the cotton bollworm, corn earworm, Old World (African) bollworm, or scarce bordered straw (the lattermost in the UK, where it is a migrant). [2] [1] The larvae feed on a wide range of plants, including many important cultivated crops. It is a major pest in cotton and one of the most polyphagous and cosmopolitan pest species.
Phymatotrichum root rot = cotton root rot Phymatotrichopsis omnivora = Phymatotrichum omnivorum. Powdery mildew Leveillula taurica Oidiopsis sicula [anamorph] = Oidiopsis gossypii Salmonia malachrae. Stigmatomycosis: Ashbya gossypii Eremothecium coryli = Nematospora coryli Aureobasidium pullulans. Rust Cotton rust Puccinia schedonnardii ...
The increase in sucking pests depended on local temperature and rainfall conditions and increased in half the villages studied. The increase in insecticide use for the control of these secondary insects was far smaller than the reduction in total insecticide use due to Bt cotton adoption. [91]
Helicoverpa zea is the most common and destructive pest of soybean growth in Virginia. [35] About one-third of Virginia acreage is treated annually with insecticide, costing farmers around 2 million dollars. [35] The degree of damage varies on the size of the pest infestation, the timing, and the stage of the plant. [35]
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Bollworm is the common term for a moth larva that attacks the fruiting bodies of certain crops, especially cotton. The most common moths known as bollworms are: Red or Sudan bollworm, Diparopsis castanea; Rough bollworm, Earias perhuegeli; Spotted bollworm, Earias fabia; Spiny bollworm, Earias insulana; Spotted bollworm, Earias vittella