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An ellipsoid is a surface that can be obtained from a sphere by deforming it by means of directional scalings, or more generally, of an affine transformation. An ellipsoid is a quadric surface; that is, a surface that may be defined as the zero set of a polynomial of degree two in three variables. Among quadric surfaces, an ellipsoid is ...
An arbitrary shape. ρ is the distance to the element dA, with projections x and y on the x and y axes.. The second moment of area for an arbitrary shape R with respect to an arbitrary axis ′ (′ axis is not drawn in the adjacent image; is an axis coplanar with x and y axes and is perpendicular to the line segment) is defined as ′ = where
In mathematics, a quadric or quadric surface (quadric hypersurface in higher dimensions), is a generalization of conic sections (ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas).It is a hypersurface (of dimension D) in a (D + 1)-dimensional space, and it is defined as the zero set of an irreducible polynomial of degree two in D + 1 variables; for example, D = 1 in the case of conic sections.
These formulas are identical in the sense that the formula for S oblate can be used to calculate the surface area of a prolate spheroid and vice versa. However, e then becomes imaginary and can no longer directly be identified with the eccentricity. Both of these results may be cast into many other forms using standard mathematical identities ...
The two families of lines on a smooth (split) quadric surface. In mathematics, a quadric or quadric hypersurface is the subspace of N-dimensional space defined by a polynomial equation of degree 2 over a field. Quadrics are fundamental examples in algebraic geometry. The theory is simplified by working in projective space rather than affine ...
The second fundamental form = + + is a quadratic form on the tangent plane to the surface that, together with the first fundamental form, determines the curvatures of curves on the surface. In the special case when ( u , v ) = ( x , y ) and the tangent plane to the surface at the given point is horizontal, the second fundamental form is ...
If the base field is or the surface is said to be real or complex respectively. One must be careful to distinguish between algebraic Riemann surfaces , which are in fact quartic curves over C {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} } , and quartic surfaces over R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } .
First suppose that the surface is the graph of a twice continuously differentiable function, z = f(x,y), and that the plane z = 0 is tangent to the surface at the origin. Then f and its partial derivatives with respect to x and y vanish at (0,0). Therefore, the Taylor expansion of f at (0,0) starts with quadratic terms: