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IQ goes from being weakly correlated with genetics for children, to being strongly correlated with genetics for late teens and adults. The heritability of IQ increases with the child's age and reaches a plateau at 14–16 [9] years old, continuing at that level well into adulthood. However, poor prenatal environment, malnutrition and disease ...
While the heritability of IQ has been investigated for nearly a century, there is still debate about the significance of heritability estimates [16] [17] and the mechanisms of inheritance. [18] IQ scores are used for educational placement, assessment of intellectual ability, and evaluating job applicants.
Heritability can also change as a result of changes in the environment, migration, inbreeding, or how heritability itself is measured in the population under study. [9] The heritability of a trait should not be interpreted as a measure of the extent to which said trait is genetically determined in an individual. [10] [11]
The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life is a 1994 book by the psychologist Richard J. Herrnstein and the political scientist Charles Murray in which the authors argue that human intelligence is substantially influenced by both inherited and environmental factors and that it is a better predictor of many personal outcomes, including financial income, job performance ...
It was found that verbal IQ was highly heritable among children whose parents had a higher level of education, by being similar to the earlier studies of Fischbein and Scarr-Salapatek, this adds support to the hypothesis of variance in IQ heritability at different levels of socioeconomic status.
Closely related to Spearman's hypothesis is the hypothesis that the magnitude of certain group differences correlates with within-group heritability estimates. Arthur Jensen and J. Phillippe Rushton , for example, reported in 2010 that the found psychometric meta-analytic correlation between g-loadings and heritability estimates was 1.
If children had, on average, the same IQ as their parents, IQ would decline by .81 points per generation. Taking .71 for the additive heritability of IQ as given by behavioural geneticists John L. Jinks and David Fulker, [15] they calculated a dysgenic decline of .57 IQ points per generation. [16]
Hereditarians point to the heritability of cognitive ability, and the outsized influence that cognitive ability has on life outcomes, as evidence in favor of the hereditarian viewpoint. [4] According to Plomin and Van Stumm (2018), "Intelligence is highly heritable and predicts important educational, occupational and health outcomes better than ...