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The intermediate time scale is between 1 and 30 days, with long term fallout occurring after that. Examples of both intermediate and long term fallout occurred after the 1986 Chernobyl accident, which contaminated over 20,000 km 2 (7,700 sq mi) of land in Ukraine and Belarus.
Furthermore, ionizing radiation above a dose of around 50-100 millisievert exposure has been shown to statistically begin increasing a person's chance of dying of cancer sometime in their lifetime over the normal unexposed rate of c. 25%, in the long term, a heightened rate of cancer, proportional to the dose received, would begin to be ...
Thermal radiation—effective ground range GR / km: Fourth degree burns, Conflagration: 0.5 2.0 10 30 Third degree burns: 0.6 2.5 12 38 Second degree burns: 0.8 3.2 15 44 First degree burns: 1.1 4.2 19 53 Effects of instant nuclear radiation—effective slant range 1 SR / km: Lethal 2 total dose (neutrons and gamma rays) 0.8 1.4 2.3 4.7
Regardless, Buddemeier says sheltering in place for at least 12 to 24 hours is a key way to survive the threat of fallout, since that's how long the worst of this radiation usually lasts.
This represents a much lower level then the amount required to increase a person's risk of cancer. 100 mSv represents the level at which a definitive increased risk of cancer occurs. Radiation above this level increases the risk of cancer, and after 400 mSv radiation poisoning can occur, but is unlikely to be fatal. [188] [189] [190]
A nuclear electromagnetic pulse (nuclear EMP or NEMP) is a burst of electromagnetic radiation created by a nuclear explosion. The resulting rapidly varying electric and magnetic fields may couple with electrical and electronic systems to produce damaging current and voltage surges .
The main health effect of nuclear fallout is cancer and birth defects because radiation causes changes in cells that can either kill or make them abnormal. [12] Any nuclear explosion (or nuclear war) would have wide-ranging, long-term, catastrophic effects. Radioactive contamination would cause genetic mutations and cancer across many ...
All nuclear weapons up to about 10 kilotons in yield have prompt neutron radiation [2] as their furthest-reaching lethal component. For standard weapons above about 10 kilotons of yield, the lethal blast and thermal effects radius begins to exceed the lethal ionizing radiation radius.