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For example, authoritative parenting is related to positive self-esteem and academic outcomes for both Chinese and European American adolescents, but the positive effects of the "ethnic minority" parenting style are specific to Chinese adolescents. [131]
Research have found positive effects of authoritative parenting on academic performances, however, there are cultural differences in parenting outcomes. [20] It was found that Chinese mothers scored higher than European-American mothers in control and authoritarianism, but not in authoritativeness.
[27] [28] However, Dr. Wendy Grolnick has critiqued Baumrind's use of the term "firm control" in her description of authoritative parenting and argued that there should be clear differentiation between coercive power assertion (which is associated with negative effects on children) and the more positive practices of structure and high expectations.
The principles behind gentle parenting have a lot in common with what's known as "authoritative" and "positive" parenting, says Peters. "Positive communication, collaborative relationships ...
Psychologists and other child-rearing experts explain the four main types of parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved.
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In a nutshell, authoritative parenting focuses on a balanced approach that mixes love, support, connection, responsiveness, and transparency with clear rules, expectations, and communication.
According to Diana Baumrind’s parenting style theory (year link citation) found that the authoritative parenting style leads to the healthiest outcomes for children transitioning into adolescence. [10] This style combines responsive and nurturing interactions with clear communication and firm discipline.