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Most programming languages are not standardized by an international (or national) standard, even widely used ones, such as Perl or Standard ML (despite the name). Notable standardized programming languages include ALGOL , C , C++ , JavaScript (under the name ECMAScript ), Smalltalk , Prolog , Common Lisp , Scheme ( IEEE standard), ISLISP , Ada ...
The C++ Standard Library includes the Standard Template Library or STL that provides a framework of templates for common data structures and algorithms. Templates in C++ may also be used for template metaprogramming , which is a way of pre-evaluating some of the code at compile-time rather than run-time .
Differences between C and C++ linkage and calling conventions can also have subtle implications for code that uses function pointers. Some compilers will produce non-working code if a function pointer declared extern "C" points to a C++ function that is not declared extern "C". [22] For example, the following code:
The line between the core language and its standard library is further blurred in some languages by defining core language constructs in terms of its standard library. For example, Java defines a string literal as an instance of the java.lang.String class.
The only difference between these headers and the traditional C Standard Library headers is that where possible the functions should be placed into the std:: namespace. In ISO C, functions in the standard library are allowed to be implemented by macros , which is not allowed by ISO C++.
Managed C++ is geared towards object-oriented programming. A major difference between standard C++ and Managed C++ is that multiple inheritance is not supported, and a class managed under the CLR's garbage collector cannot inherit more than one class. This is because of a limitation of the CLR.
Both expressions have the same meaning and behave in exactly the same way. The latter form was introduced to avoid confusion, [3] since a type parameter need not be a class until C++20. (It can be a basic type such as int or double.) For example, the C++ Standard Library contains the function template max(x, y) which returns the larger of x and ...
C++/CLI syntactically, stylistically, and culturally is closest to C#. However, C++/CLI stays closer to its C++ roots than C# does. C++/CLI directly supports pointers, destructors, and other unsafe program concepts which are not supported or limited in the other languages. It allows the direct use of both .NET code and standard C++ code.