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The objective of knock control strategies is to attempt to optimize the trade-off between protecting the engine from damaging knock events and maximizing the engine's output torque. Knock events are an independent random process. [8] It is impossible to design knock controllers in a deterministic platform. A single time history simulation or ...
Early research into "engine knocking" (also called "pinging" or "pinking") was also led by A.H. Gibson and Harry Ricardo in England and Thomas Boyd in the United States. The discovery that lead additives modified this behavior led to the widespread adoption of their use in the 1920s, and therefore more powerful, higher-compression engines. [ 16 ]
Its purpose was to permit high levels of boost pressure in multiple-stage turbochargers, and thus high power at high altitudes, without causing detonation that would destroy the engine. The high pressures brought high temperatures of inlet air, making engines prone to knock. This use and storage stabilization methods were important military ...
This engine was the same model as that found in the UCF30 Lexus LS. The SC 430's V8 could produce 288 hp (215 kW) and 430 N⋅m (317 lb⋅ft) of torque, allowing the coupe to go from 0–60 mph in 6.2 seconds. [24] 2001–2005 Lexus SC 430
Winter brings less daylight and colder temperatures, which can disrupt sleep. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is more common in winter due to the lack of sunlight, causing sleep disturbances.
While the problem may not be as dire as some might believe, there's still good reason to be cautious going forward. Here's what you need to know. U.S. Capitol building with Social Security cards ...
"The iconic rooftop scene, my husband actually wrote it," Lively revealed to E! News during the movie's press tour. "Nobody knows that but you now … We help each other. He works on everything I do.
The 4.0 L (3,969 cc; 242.2 cu in) all-alloy 1UZ-FE debuted in 1989 in the first generation Lexus LS 400/Toyota Celsior and the engine was progressively released across a number of other models in the Toyota/Lexus range. The engine is oversquare by design, with a bore and stroke size of 87.5 mm × 82.5 mm (3.44 in × 3.25 in). [2]