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Rotation applies to tricycle gear aircraft rather than those with conventional gear (tailwheel aircraft). The on-ground angle of attack of the wing has to be established during the design phase. The main and nose-gear leg lengths are chosen to give a negative angle of attack relative to the ground.
Flight path angle γ: is the angle between horizontal and the velocity vector, which describes whether the aircraft is climbing or descending. Bank angle μ: represents a rotation of the lift force around the velocity vector, which may indicate whether the airplane is turning.
93 (RA): Aircraft rotation, late arrival of aircraft from another flight or previous sector; 94 (RS): Cabin crew rotation; 95 (RC): Crew rotation, awaiting crew from another flight (flight deck or entire crew) 96 (RO): Operations control, rerouting, diversion, consolidation, aircraft change for reasons other than technical
The position of all three axes, with the right-hand rule for describing the angle of its rotations. An aircraft in flight is free to rotate in three dimensions: yaw, nose left or right about an axis running up and down; pitch, nose up or down about an axis running from wing to wing; and roll, rotation about an axis running from nose to tail.
Flight dynamics is the science of air-vehicle orientation and control in three dimensions. The critical flight dynamics parameters are the angles of rotation with respect to the three aircraft's principal axes about its center of gravity, known as roll, pitch and yaw.
The speed at which the pilot begins to apply control inputs to cause the aircraft nose to pitch up, after which it will leave the ground. [7] [26] [Note 1] V rot: Used instead of V R (in discussions of the takeoff performance of military aircraft) to denote rotation speed in conjunction with the term V ref (refusal speed). [19] V Ref
As well as aircraft, the same terminology is used for the motion of ships and boats. Some words commonly used were introduced in maritime navigation. For example, the yaw angle or heading, has a nautical origin, with the meaning of "bending out of the course".
The term rotation is used because the aircraft pivots around the axis of its main landing gear while still on the ground, usually because of gentle manipulation of the flight controls to make or facilitate this change in aircraft attitude (once proper air displacement occurs under / over the wings, an aircraft will lift off on its own; controls ...