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2. Engraved gem - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engraved_gem

   An engraved gem, frequently referred to as an intaglio, is a small and usually semi-precious gemstone that has been carved, in the Western tradition normally with images or inscriptions only on one face. [1] The engraving of gemstones was a major luxury art form in the ancient world, and an important one in some later periods. [2]

3. Stonesetting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonesetting

   The earliest known technique of attaching stones to jewelry was bezel setting. A bezel is a strip of metal bent into the shape and size of the stone and then soldered to the piece of jewelry. The stone is then inserted into the bezel, and the metal edge of the bezel pressed over the edge of the stone, holding it in place.

4. Lapidary - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapidary

   Lapidary (from the Latin lapidarius) is the practice of shaping stone, minerals, or gemstones into decorative items such as cabochons, engraved gems (including cameos), and faceted designs. A person who practices lapidary techniques of cutting, grinding, and polishing is known as a lapidary or lapidarist .

5. Gemstone - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone

   A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, semiprecious stone, or simply gem) is a piece of mineral crystal which, when cut or polished, is used to make jewelry or other adornments.

6. Lapis lazuli - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapis_Lazuli

   Lapis takes an excellent polish and can be made into jewellery, carvings, boxes, mosaics, ornaments, small statues, and vases. Interior items and finishing buildings can be also made with lapis. During the Renaissance, lapis was ground and processed to make the pigment ultramarine for use in frescoes and oil painting. Its usage as a pigment in ...

7. Agate - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agate

   Agate (/ ˈ æ ɡ ɪ t / AG-it) is a variety of chalcedony, [1] which comes in a wide variety of colors. Agates are primarily formed within volcanic and metamorphic rocks.The ornamental use of agate was common in ancient Greece, in assorted jewelry and in the seal stones of Greek warriors, [2] while bead necklaces with pierced and polished agate date back to the 3rd millennium BCE in the Indus ...