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Medical optical imaging is the use of light as an investigational imaging technique for medical applications, pioneered by American Physical Chemist Britton Chance. Examples include optical microscopy , spectroscopy , endoscopy , scanning laser ophthalmoscopy , laser Doppler imaging , optical coherence tomography , and transdermal optical imaging .
Data published in late 2016 showed that over 150,000 intracoronary optical coherence tomography procedures are performed every year, and its adoption is rapidly growing at a rate of ~10-20% every year. [19] Assessment of artery lumen morphology is the cornerstone of intravascular imaging criteria to evaluate disease severity and guide intervention.
In diagnosing disease of the viscera of the abdomen, ultrasound is particularly sensitive on imaging of biliary tract, urinary tract and female reproductive organs (ovary, fallopian tubes). As for example, diagnosis of gallstone by dilatation of common bile duct and stone in the common bile duct.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique that uses interferometry with short-coherence-length light to obtain micrometer-level depth resolution and uses transverse scanning of the light beam to form two- and three-dimensional images from light reflected from within biological tissue or other scattering media.
[18] [19] This has allowed OCTA to obtain detailed images of retinal vasculature in the human retina [20] and become widely used clinically to diagnose a variety of eye diseases, such as age related macular degeneration (AMD), [21] diabetic retinopathy (DR), [22] [23] artery and vein occlusions, and glaucoma.
Although optical coherence tomography (OCT) provide crucial information for the diagnosis, they often are insufficient for early diagnosis, before structural changes occur. Elastography, the display of the elastic properties of soft tissues, may be performed using ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or OCT.
A full-color scanning fiber endoscope. Optical Fibers and Sensors for Medical Diagnostics and Treatment Applications VI, Proc. SPIE. 2006; 6083:608303–8. [19] Seibel EJ, Brown CM, Dominitz JA, Kimmey MB. Scanning single fiber endoscopy: a new platform technology for integrated laser imaging, diagnosis, and future therapies.
Endomicroscopy is a technique for obtaining histology-like images from inside the human body in real-time, [1] [2] [3] a process known as ‘optical biopsy’. [4] [5] It generally refers to fluorescence confocal microscopy, although multi-photon microscopy and optical coherence tomography have also been adapted for endoscopic use.