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The human thromboxane A (TXA) synthase is a 60 kDa cytochrome P450 protein with 533 amino acids and a heme prosthetic group.This enzyme, anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum, is found in platelets, monocytes, and several other cell types.
Thromboxane A 2 (TXA 2) is generated from prostaglandin H 2 by thromboxane-A synthase in a metabolic reaction which generates approximately equal amounts of 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT). Aspirin irreversibly inhibits platelet cyclooxygenase 1 preventing the formation of prostaglandin H 2, and therefore TXA 2.
Thromboxane synthase inhibitors inhibit the final enzyme (thromboxane synthase) in the synthesis of thromboxane. Ifetroban is a potent and selective thromboxane receptor antagonist. [ 10 ] Dipyridamole antagonizes this receptor too, but has various other mechanisms of antiplatelet activity as well.
The thromboxane receptor (TP) also known as the prostanoid TP receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TBXA2R gene, The thromboxane receptor is one among the five classes of prostanoid receptors [5] and was the first eicosanoid receptor cloned. [6] The TP receptor derives its name from its preferred endogenous ligand thromboxane A ...
Prostaglandin receptors or prostanoid receptors represent a sub-class of cell surface membrane receptors that are regarded as the primary receptors for one or more of the classical, naturally occurring prostanoids viz., prostaglandin D2, (i.e. PGD2), PGE2, PGF2alpha, prostacyclin (PGI2), thromboxane A2 (TXA2), and PGH2. [1]
Prostaglandin H 2 (PGH 2), or prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), is a type of prostaglandin and a precursor for many other biologically significant molecules. It is synthesized from arachidonic acid in a reaction catalyzed by a cyclooxygenase enzyme. [ 2 ]
Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) — the most abundant prostaglandin [10] — is generated from the action of prostaglandin E synthases on prostaglandin H 2 (prostaglandin H2, PGH 2). Several prostaglandin E synthases have been identified. To date, microsomal (named as misoprostol) prostaglandin E synthase-1 emerges as a key enzyme in the formation of ...
A decrease in Thromboxane-A synthase leads to an increase in prostaglandin E2 levels which may affect erythroid precursor cells by suppressing them which likely leads to refractory anemia. [ 15 ] There are still unanswered questions about the effect of a compromised TBXAS1 gene function and its effect in Ghosal hematodiaphyseal dysplasia.