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On February 12, 1961, the Soviet spacecraft Venera 1 was the first flyby probe launched to another planet. However communications with the probe failed before it could complete its mission. [30] Venera 3, which also lost contact, marked the first time a man-made object made contact with another planet after it impacted Venus on March 1, 1966. [31]
The first private human spaceflight launch was a suborbital flight on SpaceShipOne on June 21, 2004. The first commercial orbital crew launch was by SpaceX in May 2020, transporting NASA astronauts to the ISS under United States government contract. [3]
Was the first U.S. spacecraft to reach another celestial body. Failure in the onboard computer prevented it from carrying out its scientific objectives. First spacecraft to impact the far side of the Moon. [7] [8] April 26 UK: Ariel 1: Thor-Delta: Earth Success: First British satellite in space (on American rocket) July 10 US: Telstar 1: Thor ...
first probe to cross the asteroid belt; first Jupiter probe; first man-made object on an interstellar trajectory; now in the outer regions of the Solar System but no longer contactable 1972-012A: Pioneer 11: NASA: 4 December 1974 flyby success went on to visit Saturn 1973-019A: Voyager 1: NASA: 5 March 1979 flyby success went on to visit Saturn ...
It was the first human-made object to reach outer space, attaining an apogee of 176 kilometers, [22] which is well above the Kármán line. [23] It was a vertical test launch. Although the rocket reached space, it did not reach orbital velocity, and therefore returned to Earth in an impact, becoming the first sub-orbital spaceflight. [24]
First spacecraft to impact the far side of the Moon. USA (NASA) Ranger 4 [16] 11 August 1962: First dual crewed spaceflight. First communication between two crewed space vehicles in orbit. First person to float freely in microgravity. USSR Vostok 3 and Vostok 4: 18 August 1962 First auroral research rocket launched into the ionosphere. Norway ...
The idea of using atomic transitions to measure time was first suggested by the British scientist Lord Kelvin in 1879, [204] although it was only in the 1930s with the development of magnetic resonance that there was a practical method for measuring time in this way. [205] A prototype ammonia maser device was built in 1948 at NIST. Although ...
The first successful flyby of Mars was on 14–15 July 1965, by NASA's Mariner 4. [22] On November 14, 1971, Mariner 9 became the first space probe to orbit another planet when it entered into orbit around Mars. [23] The amount of data returned by probes increased substantially as technology improved. [21]