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The variation of G' and G" in time can indicate the extent of the curing reaction. [7] As shown in Figure 4, after an "induction time", G' and G" start to increase, with an abrupt change in slope. At a certain point they cross each other; afterwards, the rates of G' and G" decrease, and the moduli tend to a plateau.
Left: individual linear polymer chains Right: Polymer chains which have been cross linked to give a rigid 3D thermoset polymer. In materials science, a thermosetting polymer, often called a thermoset, is a polymer that is obtained by irreversibly hardening ("curing") a soft solid or viscous liquid prepolymer (). [1]
Solid ink is the name for ink that is solid at room temperature. Wax was introduced in the first solid ink product introduced with Continuous Inkjets in the Teletype Inktronic Terminal in 1966, but the patent for hot-melt wax did not issue until patent US3653932 April 4, 1972.
A primary advantage of curing with ultraviolet light is the speed at which a material can be processed. Speeding up the curing, or drying step, [11] in a process can reduce flaws and errors by decreasing time that an ink or coating spends as wet. This can increase the quality of a finished item, and potentially allow for greater consistency.
Thermochromic ink (also called thermochromatic ink) is a type of dye that changes color in response to a change in temperature. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It was first used in the 1970s in novelty toys like mood rings, but has found some practical uses in things such as thermometers, product packaging, and pens. [ 4 ]
Invisible ink, also known as security ink or sympathetic ink, is a substance used for writing, which is invisible either on application or soon thereafter, and can later be made visible by some means, such as heat or ultraviolet light.
Thermal-transfer printing is done by melting wax within the print heads of a specialized printer. The thermal-transfer print process utilises three main components: a non-movable print head, a carbon ribbon (the ink) and a substrate to be printed, which would typically be paper, synthetics, card or textile materials.
Through conduction from the paper, the powder temperature rapidly increases and starts melting. When the process is correctly adjusted, the center of the largest filmed areas reach sufficient quality level as the product exits the heater. The melted ink then solidifies as the product cools. This process is sometimes produced using manual powdering.