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The Castilian–Leonese War of 1196–1197 was a conflict between the kingdoms of Leon, Navarre and the Almohad Caliphate against the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon.. In the middle of the conflict, Alfonso IX of León was accused by pope Celestine III of allying himself with a Muslim to fight against a Christian kingdom and was excommunicated, causing Portugal to join the war against León.
The forces of Juan I of Castile attacked Gravesend in the summer of 1380. During the raid on the town, the Castilian admiral Fernando Sánchez de Tovar ordered soldiers to loot the town and set it ablaze. The attacks were part of the Hundred Years' War, and led to concerns for the safety of London, just 20 miles away.
When the Granada Sultan Muhammad IX was unable to defend his subjects from Castilian attacks, the Islamic cities submitted to Castile, marking a significant qualitative shift in the dynamic of border warfare and conquests that began in 1436. The eastern region of al-Andalus was home to these cities: Vélez Blanco, Vélez Rubio, Galera ...
The Kingdom of Castile (/ k æ ˈ s t iː l /; Spanish: Reino de Castilla: Latin: Regnum Castellae) was a polity in the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages.It traces its origins to the 9th-century County of Castile (Spanish: Condado de Castilla, Latin: Comitatus Castellae), as an eastern frontier lordship of the Kingdom of León.
1521–24- Siege of Fuenterrabía - Battle fought between the Kingdom of Castile and Aragon against the Kingdoms of France and Navarre, Castilian victory. 1580- Battle of Alcântara (1580)-Battle fought between the Kingdoms of Castile and Aragon against the Kingdom of Portugal, that ended with the annexation of Portugal by Philip II of Spain.
Pressured by these dangers, he proposed vassalage to Castile, sending his son as an emissary to Burgos. [3] The treaty was signed in April 1243 at the Sanctuary of Cortes in the Castilian town of Alcaraz, [4] in the context of internal instability within the Hudid Emirate of Murcia following the death of Ibn Hud al-Mutawakkil in 1238. [5]
To prevent the English contingent being intercepted at sea by the navy of Castile, the Portuguese monarch planned a naval offensive against the Castilian fleet, anchored in Seville. In July 1381, from Lisbon, a Portuguese fleet under the command of João Afonso Telo , sailed towards the mouth of the Guadalquivir river, to prevent the passage of ...
Peter IV, King of Aragon by Gonçal Peris Sarrià & Jaume Mateu (1427) Alabaster sculpture of Peter the Cruel, from 1504 At the beginning of the fourteenth century, Castile was suffering from unrest caused by its civil war, which was fought between the local and allied forces of the reigning king, Peter of Castile, and his half-brother Henry of Trastámara over the right to the crown.