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Viking expansion was the historical movement which led Norse explorers, traders and warriors, the latter known in modern scholarship as Vikings, to sail most of the North Atlantic, reaching south as far as North Africa and east as far as Russia, and through the Mediterranean as far as Constantinople and the Middle East, acting as looters, traders, colonists and mercenaries.
The Vikings explored the northern islands and coasts of the North Atlantic, ventured south to North Africa, and brought slaves from the Baltic coast and European Russia. [ 62 ] [ 63 ] They raided and pillaged, traded, acted as mercenaries and settled colonies over a wide area. [ 64 ]
The Vikings also briefly allied with various Irish kings against their rivals. In 866, Áed Findliath burnt all Viking longphorts in the north, and they never managed to establish permanent settlements in that region. [58] The Vikings were driven from Dublin in 902. [59] They returned in 914, now led by the Uí Ímair (House of Ivar). [60]
The English name "Normans" comes from the French words Normans/Normanz, plural of Normant, [17] modern French normand, which is itself borrowed from Old Low Franconian Nortmann "Northman" [18] or directly from Old Norse Norðmaðr, Latinized variously as Nortmannus, Normannus, or Nordmannus (recorded in Medieval Latin, 9th century) to mean "Norseman, Viking".
The Varangians (/ v ə ˈ r æ n dʒ i ə n z / və-RAN-jee-ənz; Old Norse: Væringjar; Medieval Greek: Βάραγγοι, romanized: Várangoi; Old East Slavic: варяже, romanized: varyazhe, or варяги, varyagi) [1] [2] were Viking [3] conquerors, traders and settlers, mostly from present-day Sweden, [4] [5] [6] who settled in the territories of present-day Belarus, Russia and ...
The Danes were a North Germanic tribe inhabiting southern Scandinavia, including the area now comprising Denmark proper, northern and eastern England, and the Scanian provinces of modern-day southern Sweden, during the Nordic Iron Age and the Viking Age. They founded what became the Kingdom of Denmark.
The Iberian example shows how Viking were often traders and raiders, who in the aftermath of raids would use their newfound power to establish trade. [7]: 4-5 The Vikings also sent merchants as far west as Greenland and North America. [8] Trade routes would play an important role in rebuilding the economy of Europe during the Viking Age.
The Hungarian invasions of Europe (Hungarian: kalandozások, German: Ungarneinfälle) occurred in the 9th and 10th centuries, during the period of transition in the history of Europe of the Early Middle Ages, when the territory of the former Carolingian Empire was threatened by invasion by the Magyars from the east, the Viking expansion from the north, and the Arabs from the south.