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Craniopagus parasiticus is an extremely rare type of parasitic twinning occurring in about 4 to 6 of 10,000,000 births. [1] In craniopagus parasiticus, a parasitic twin head with an undeveloped body is attached to the head of a developed twin. Fewer than a dozen cases of this type of conjoined twin have been documented in literature.
Conjoined parasitic twins joined at the head are described as craniopagus or cephalopagus, and occipitalis if joined in the occipital region or parietalis if joined in the parietal region. Craniopagus parasiticus is a general term for a parasitic head attached to the head of a more fully developed fetus or infant.
Drawing of the eighteenth century Boy of Bengal, affected by craniopagus parasiticus. Craniopagus parasiticus is an extremely rare condition in which the two heads are joined directly together, and one twin (known as the autosite) has a functioning torso, while the other (known as the parasite) has only a vestigial torso. The parasite is ...
Craniopagus twins are conjoined twins who are fused at the cranium. [1] The union may occur on any portion of the cranium, but does not primarily involve either the face or the foramen magnum ; the two brains are usually separate, but they may share some brain tissue.
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Craniopagus parasiticus is another form of partial twinning which results in two heads kept alive by a single torso. In these cases a second, vestigial torso is present, and the heads are joined directly to one another.
Joseph Banda and Luka Banda (born 23 January 1997) [1] are twin brothers who used to be conjoined. They were born joined at the back of the skull and faced in opposite directions.
On August 4, 2004, the final surgery was completed and, at two years old, Clarence and Carl became the first craniopagus twins to be separated using a staged method. [3] [6] [1] [11] Goodrich, plastic surgeon David A. Staffenberg, and their team performed four surgeries over ten months. [1]