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Logic is the formal science of using reason and is considered a branch of both philosophy and mathematics and to a lesser extent computer science. Logic investigates and classifies the structure of statements and arguments, both through the study of formal systems of inference and the study of arguments in natural language .
Philosophy of logic is the area of philosophy that studies the nature of logic. [1] [2] Like many other disciplines, logic involves various philosophical presuppositions which are addressed by the philosophy of logic. [3]
The term "philosophical logic" is used by different theorists in slightly different ways. [1] When understood in a narrow sense, as discussed in this article, philosophical logic is the area of philosophy that studies the application of logical methods to philosophical problems.
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. [1] [2] It is distinguished from other ways of addressing fundamental questions (such as mysticism, myth) by being critical and generally systematic and by its reliance on rational argument. [3]
In Deviant Logic (1974) Susan Haack divided non-classical logics into deviant, quasi-deviant, and extended logics. [4] The proposed classification is non-exclusive; a logic may be both a deviation and an extension of classical logic. [5] A few other authors have adopted the main distinction between deviation and extension in non-classical logics.
In these he draws on the history of philosophy, including Asian philosophy. Priest, a long-time resident of Australia, now residing in New York City, is the author of numerous books (most notably the textbook An Introduction to Non-Classical Logic ), and has published articles in nearly every major philosophical and logical journal.