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[27] [28] Beginning in the late 1980s, Europe took the lead in animal welfare reform. [25] In the West and some other countries, public interest in animal welfare, animal rights, and plant-based diets increased significantly. [29] [30] [31] [32]
The Egyptian Society for Mercy to Animals (ESMA) was founded in 2007 as a non-profit organization. [24] [25] They work for animal welfare across Egypt. ESMA operates two no-kill shelters and adoption centers in Egypt. They currently house over 2,000 animals, including dogs, cats, and working animals like donkeys and camels. [26]
He was a vegetarian, and was reportedly the first animal "liberationist", buying animals from the market in order to set them free. [ 3 ] [ 5 ] Against these ideas, Aristotle (384–322 BCE) argued that non-human animals had no interests of their own, ranking far below humans in the Great Chain of Being , or scala naturae , because of their ...
What follows is mainly the history of animal rights (or more broadly, animal protection) in the Western world. There is a rich history of animal protection in the ancient texts, lives, and stories of Eastern, African, and Indigenous peoples. Aristotle placed human beings at the top of nature's scale of being.
Welfare biology – Yew-Kwang Ng defines animal welfare in terms of welfare economics: "Welfare biology is the study of living things and their environment with respect to their welfare (defined as net happiness, or enjoyment minus suffering). Despite difficulties of ascertaining and measuring welfare and relevancy to normative issues, welfare ...
Bullfighting is criticized by animal rights or animal welfare activists, referring to it as a cruel or barbaric blood sport in which the bull suffers severe stress and slow, torturous death. [ 80 ] [ 81 ] Several activist groups undertake anti-bullfighting actions in Spain and other countries.
Egypt's fresh water is mainly derived from underground water. Underground water results in 95% of Egyptian's desert land. Egypt is also dependent on rainwater but it is a scarce and limiting source for agricultural development. In addition, Egypt refuses agricultural drainage water in correlation with Nile water for irrigation. [2]
Forming the backbone of Egyptian chronology are the regnal years as recorded in Ancient Egyptian king lists. Surviving king lists are either comprehensive but have significant gaps in their text (for example, the Turin King List ), or are textually complete but fail to provide a complete list of rulers (for example, the Abydos King List and the ...