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Einstein himself considered the introduction of the cosmological constant in his 1917 paper founding cosmology as a "blunder". [3] The theory of general relativity predicted an expanding or contracting universe, but Einstein wanted a static universe which is an unchanging three-dimensional sphere, like the surface of a three-dimensional ball in four dimensions.
Einstein's double reversal [ edit ] The creator of the theory of general relativity, Albert Einstein , argued in 1916 [ 5 ] that gravitational radiation should be produced, according to his theory, by any mass-energy configuration that has a time-varying quadrupole moment (or higher multipole moment ).
[A 1] [A 2] [A 3] Though some of these criticisms had the support of reputable scientists, Einstein's theory of relativity is now accepted by the scientific community. [ 1 ] Reasons for criticism of the theory of relativity have included alternative theories, rejection of the abstract-mathematical method, and alleged errors of the theory.
After a sleepless night, he finally worked out a response which, ironically, depended on Einstein's general relativity. [6]: 348–349 Consider the illustration of Einstein's light box: [12]: 446–448 1. After emitting a photon, the loss of weight causes the box to rise in the gravitational field. 2.
Albert Einstein's discovery of the gravitational field equations of general relativity and David Hilbert's almost simultaneous derivation of the theory using an elegant variational principle, [B 1]: 170 during a period when the two corresponded frequently, has led to numerous historical analyses of their interaction.
Analysis of the 1931 paper shows that, given the contemporaneous Hubble constant of 500 km s −1 Mpc −1, Einstein's estimates of cosmic density, radius and timespan should have been ρ ~ 10 −28 g/cm 3, P ~ 10 8 light-years and t ~ 10 9 years respectively. One line on the blackboard, not included in the published paper, makes the nature of ...
Includes papers describing Einstein's only experimental physics investigation, a study of André-Marie Ampère's molecular current theory of electromagnetism with Wander Johannes de Haas; etc. The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, Volume 6, The Berlin Years: Writings, 1914-1917. [7] Editors: A. J. Kox et al. ISBN 0-691-01086-2, 1996.
The Einsteinhaus on the Kramgasse in Bern, Einstein's residence at the time. Most of the papers were written in his apartment on the first floor above the street level. At the time the papers were written, Einstein did not have easy access to a complete set of scientific reference materials, although he did regularly read and contribute reviews to Annalen der Physik.