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Normal arterial blood oxygen saturation levels in humans are 96–100 percent. [1] If the level is below 90 percent, it is considered low and called hypoxemia . [ 2 ] Arterial blood oxygen levels below 80 percent may compromise organ function, such as the brain and heart, and should be promptly addressed.
Blood oxygen saturation may be used for hypoxic hypoxia, but is generally meaningless in other forms of hypoxia. In hypoxic hypoxia 95–100% saturation is considered normal; 91–94% is considered mild and 86–90% moderate. Anything below 86% is considered severe. [8] Cerebral hypoxia refers to oxygen levels in brain tissue, not blood.
Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive method for monitoring blood oxygen saturation. Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO 2) readings are typically within 2% accuracy (within 4% accuracy in 95% of cases) of the more accurate (and invasive) reading of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO 2) from arterial blood gas analysis. [1]
The standard definition of a reference range for a particular measurement is defined as the interval between which 95% of values of a reference population fall into, in such a way that 2.5% of the time a value will be less than the lower limit of this interval, and 2.5% of the time it will be larger than the upper limit of this interval, whatever the distribution of these values.
The term respiratory compromise is used to describe various intensities of respiratory dysfunction that can range from a chronic state of respiratory insufficiency to conditions that require emergency resuscitation and a breathing machine. [citation needed] Risk factors include a variety of substances, conditions, and environments: [5]
D LCO or T LCO (diffusing capacity or transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide (CO), [1]) is the extent to which oxygen passes from the air sacs of the lungs into the blood. Commonly, it refers to the test used to determine this parameter. It was introduced in 1909. [2]
The "saturation system", "saturation complex" or "saturation spread" typically comprises either an underwater habitat or a surface complex which includesof a living chamber, transfer chamber and submersible decompression chamber, [45] which is commonly referred to in commercial diving and military diving as the diving bell, [46] personnel ...
It is considered normal if it is 60% to 140% of the average value in the population for any person of similar age, sex and body composition. [14] A derived parameter is the coefficient of retraction (CR) which is P max /TLC . [16] Mean transit time (MTT) Mean transit time is the area under the flow-volume curve divided by the forced vital ...