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Common rail fuel system on a Volvo truck engine. In 1916 Vickers pioneered the use of mechanical common rail systems in G-class submarine engines. For every 90° of rotation, four plunger pumps allowed a constant injection pressure of 3,000 pounds per square inch (210 bar; 21 MPa), with fuel delivery to individual cylinders being shut off by valves in the injector lines. [1]
The Volkswagen Group mainstream marques used unit injector systems (branded ”Pumpe Düse”, [14] commonly abbreviated to ”PD”) in their Suction Diesel Injection (SDI) and Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) diesel engines, [15] however this fuel injection method has been superseded by a common-rail design, such as the new 1.6 TDI.
Both engines utilise common rail diesel technology and are the result of the fourth phase of the cooperation between PSA and Ford (initiated in 1998) [citation needed]. Both engines utilise all-new, third-generation common rail injection systems. The 2.0 engines utilising a system from Siemens and the 2.2 a system from Bosch. In both systems ...
Typically, hydraulic direct injection systems spray fuel into the air inside the cylinder or combustion chamber. Direct injection can be achieved with a conventional helix-controlled injection pump, unit injectors, or a sophisticated common-rail injection system. The last is the most common system in modern automotive engines.
YD22DDTi (Common Rail) The YD22DDTi was a common rail diesel introduced in 2001, during the first small facelift of the P12 Primera, N16 Almera and V10 Almera Tino. It is also fitted to the Nissan X-trail. The injection system is common rail with a variable vane turbocharger is intercooled and produces the most power and torque of all the YD22 ...
Mitsubishi's new clean diesel engines use a 200 MPa (2,000 bar) high-pressure common rail injection system to improve combustion efficiency. The 4N13 1.8 L (1,798 cc) uses solenoid fuel-injectors. The larger 4N14 2.3 L (2,268 cc) engine uses piezo fuel-injectors that produce a finer fuel spray.