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  2. Grade (slope) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade_(slope)

    [1] [2] as a ratio of one part rise to so many parts run. For example, a slope that has a rise of 5 feet for every 1000 feet of run would have a slope ratio of 1 in 200. (The word "in" is normally used rather than the mathematical ratio notation of "1:200".) This is generally the method used to describe railway grades in Australia and the UK.

  3. Slope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slope

    Slope illustrated for y = (3/2)x − 1.Click on to enlarge Slope of a line in coordinates system, from f(x) = −12x + 2 to f(x) = 12x + 2. The slope of a line in the plane containing the x and y axes is generally represented by the letter m, [5] and is defined as the change in the y coordinate divided by the corresponding change in the x coordinate, between two distinct points on the line.

  4. Decade (log scale) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decade_(log_scale)

    When a real number like .007 is denoted alternatively by 7.0 × 10 —3 then it is said that the number is represented in scientific notation.More generally, to write a number in the form a × 10 b, where 1 <= a < 10 and b is an integer, is to express it in scientific notation, and a is called the significand or the mantissa, and b is its exponent. [3]

  5. Roof pitch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roof_pitch

    Definitions vary on when a roof is considered pitched. In degrees, 10° (2 in 12 or 1 in 6) is considered by at least one reference a minimum. [5] In trigonometric expression, exact roof slope in degrees is given by the arctangent. For example: arctan(3 ⁄ 12) = 14.0°. Framing carpenters cut rafters on an angle to "pitch" a roof.

  6. Percentage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentage

    An increase of $0.15 on a price of $2.50 is an increase by a fraction of ⁠ 0.15 / 2.50 ⁠ = 0.06. Expressed as a percentage, this is a 6% increase. While many percentage values are between 0 and 100, there is no mathematical restriction and percentages may take on other values. [4]

  7. Logarithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithm

    Because log(x) is the sum of the terms of the form log(1 + 2 −k) corresponding to those k for which the factor 1 + 2 −k was included in the product P, log(x) may be computed by simple addition, using a table of log(1 + 2 −k) for all k. Any base may be used for the logarithm table.

  8. Ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratio

    As for fractions, the simplest form is considered that in which the numbers in the ratio are the smallest possible integers. Thus, the ratio 40:60 is equivalent in meaning to the ratio 2:3, the latter being obtained from the former by dividing both quantities by 20. Mathematically, we write 40:60 = 2:3, or equivalently 40:60∷2:3.

  9. Fraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraction

    The entire fraction may be expressed as a single composition, in which case it is hyphenated, or as a number of fractions with a numerator of one, in which case they are not. (For example, "two-fifths" is the fraction2 / 5 ⁠ and "two fifths" is the same fraction understood as 2 instances of ⁠ 1 / 5 ⁠.) Fractions should always be ...