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The kithara (Greek: κιθάρα, romanized: kithára), Latinized as cithara, was an ancient Greek musical instrument in the yoke lutes family. It was a seven-stringed professional version of the lyre , which was regarded as a rustic, or folk instrument , appropriate for teaching music to beginners.
The Greek concepts of scales (including the names) found its way into later Roman music and then the European Middle Ages to the extent that one can find references to, for example, a "Lydian church mode", although name is simply a historical reference with no relationship to the original Greek sound or ethos.
Erato is the Muse of lyric poetry, particularly erotic poetry, and mimic imitation. In the Orphic hymn to the Muses, it is Erato who charms the sight. Since the Renaissance she has mostly been shown with a wreath of myrtle and roses, holding a lyre, or a small kithara, a musical instrument often associated with Apollo. [2]
Apollo [a] is one of the Olympian deities in ancient Greek and Roman religion and Greek and Roman mythology. Apollo has been recognized as a god of archery, music and dance, truth and prophecy, healing and diseases, the Sun and light, poetry, and more.
Marsyas receiving Apollo's punishment, İstanbul Archaeology Museum. In Greek mythology, the satyr Marsyas (/ ˈ m ɑːr s i ə s /; Ancient Greek: Μαρσύας) is a central figure in two stories involving music: in one, he picked up the double oboe that had been abandoned by Athena and played it; [1] [2] in the other, he challenged Apollo to a contest of music and lost his hide and life.
The piece is still popular today; it was used as incidental music in the play Psyché by Gabriel Mourey. [8] The story of Pan and Syrinx is the inspiration for the first movement in Benjamin Britten's work for solo oboe, Six Metamorphoses after Ovid first performed in 1951. Britten titled the movement, "Pan: who played upon the reed pipe which ...
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The next notable Pythagorean theorist known today is Archytas, contemporary and friend of Plato, who explained the use of arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means in tuning musical instruments. Euclid further developed Archytas's theory in his The Division of the Canon (Katatomē kanonos, the Latin Sectio Canonis). He elaborated the acoustics ...