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T1 or T2 or T3: the tumor's growth is between less than 2 cm and more than 4 cm and may be affecting the vocal cords. AND N1: cancer has spread to one lymph node (same side of the neck as tumor), which has swollen to 3 cm or less. OR T3: the tumor is more than 4 cm and is affecting the vocal cords. BUT there is no lymph node involvement. [3]
Vocal cords have normal mobility. T2: Tumour invades mucosa. There is no fixation of the larynx. T3: Tumour causes fixation of the vocal cords, with or without invasion of neighbouring areas. T4: T4A – Tumour invades at least one of the following: the outer cortex of the thyroid cartilage, extra-laryngeal tissue
Head and neck cancer is a general term encompassing multiple cancers that can develop in the head and neck region. These include cancers of the mouth, tongue, gums and lips (oral cancer), voice box (), throat (nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, [1] hypopharyngeal), salivary glands, nose and sinuses.
Ceruminous adenocarcinoma is a malignant neoplasm derived from ceruminous glands of the external auditory canal.This tumor is rare, with several names used in the past. [3] [4] Synonyms have included cylindroma, ceruminoma, ceruminous adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS), ceruminous adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), [1] [2] and ceruminous mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, also known as nasopharyngeal cancer, is classified as a malignant neoplasm, or cancer, arising from the mucosal epithelium of the nasopharynx, most often within the lateral nasopharyngeal recess or fossa of Rosenmüller (a recess behind the entrance of the eustachian tube opening).
A common symptom of laryngeal papillomatosis is a change in voice quality. More specifically, hoarseness is observed. [4] [5] As a consequence of the narrowing of the laryngeal or tracheal parts of the airway, shortness of breath, chronic cough and stridor (i.e. noisy breathing which can sound like a whistle or a snore), can be present.
The site for the cordotomy is determined at the preoperative examination. If any one of the vocal fold seems to have a slightest degree of motion, then cordotomy is performed on the other one. Using CO 2 laser with a spot size of 0.2 mm and power of 3-5 Watts, a cordotomy is performed 1-2mm anteriorly to the vocal process. This is then carried ...
Currently, there are four types of implant procedures which are used to perform type 1 thyroplasty. Montgomery Thyroplasty Implant system. This system was discovered after years of research and the main advantage of this implant system is that it eliminates the process of customizing the implant at the time of surgery.