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Myocardial infarction; Other names: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart attack: A myocardial infarction occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque slowly builds up in the inner lining of a coronary artery and then suddenly ruptures, causing catastrophic thrombus formation, totally occluding the artery and preventing blood flow downstream to the heart muscle.
If blood flow through the coronary arteries is stopped completely, cardiac muscle cells may die, known as a myocardial infarction, or heart attack. [9] Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cause of coronary ischemia. [7] Coronary ischemia and coronary artery disease are contributors to the development of heart failure over time. [10]
Symptoms of the acute coronary syndromes are similar. [8] The cardinal symptom of critically decreased blood flow to the heart is chest pain , experienced as tightness, pressure, or burning. [ 9 ] Localization is most commonly around or over the chest and may radiate or be located to the arm, shoulder, neck, back, upper abdomen, or jaw. [ 9 ]
Coronary "microembolization" is being explored as a focal point for coronary thrombus formation and subsequent sudden death due to acute myocardial infarction. [6] High mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) proteins as important mediators in thrombus formation. [7] Coronary sinus thrombosis as a severe complication after procedures. [8]
Psychological symptoms are common in people with CHD, and while many psychological treatments may be offered following cardiac events, there is no evidence that they change mortality, the risk of revascularization procedures, or the rate of non-fatal myocardial infarction. [110] Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease
Ischemic cardiomyopathy is a type of cardiomyopathy caused by a narrowing of the coronary arteries which supply blood to the heart. [4] Typically, patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy have a history of acute myocardial infarction, [5] however, it may occur in patients with coronary artery disease, but without a past history of acute myocardial infarction.
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