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It is possible to calculate eigenvalues, one for each of the four state variables (lean angle, lean rate, steer angle, and steer rate), from the linearized equations in order to analyze the normal modes and self-stability of a particular bike design. In the plot to the right, eigenvalues of one particular bicycle are calculated for forward ...
Most bikes have positive trail, though a few, such as the two-mass-skate bicycle and the Python Lowracer, have negative trail. [12] Trail is often cited as an important determinant of bicycle handling characteristics, [13] [14] and is sometimes listed in bicycle manufacturers' geometry data.
β° = Breakover angle; C = Underside of chassis; W = Wheel; G = Ground; M = Midpoint of wheelbase Example of a vehicle at a significant breakover angle.. Breakover angle or rampover angle is the maximum possible supplementary angle (usually expressed in degrees) that a vehicle, with at least one forward wheel and one rear wheel, can drive over without the apex of that angle touching any point ...
Diagram of turning vehicle. On wheeled vehicles with the common type of front wheel steering (i.e. one, two or even four wheels at the front capable of steering), the vehicle's turning diameter measures the minimum space needed to turn the vehicle around while the steering is set to its maximum displacement from the central 'straight ahead' position - i.e. either extreme left or right.
At between one and two cents per mile (depending on electric rates), electric machines enjoy an enormous fuel cost advantage. Three months and 2,800 km (1,700 mi) of commuting on an electric motorcycle cost Lavrinc less than $30 for electricity; on a BMW gasoline bike a single trip of 650 km (400 mi) cost nearly the same.
The motion ratio of a mechanism is the ratio of the displacement of the point of interest to that of another point.. The most common example is in a vehicle's suspension, where it is used to describe the displacement and forces in the springs and shock absorbers.
Two-wheelers intended to be used with additional support, which is also the source of motive power, include: Carts, horse-drawn (or other animal-drawn) and sometimes referred to as a 'car' or 'carriage') [2] Hand trucks, two-wheeled devices used for transporting bulky or heavy items such as furniture or golf clubs (golf trolley)
The two main factors that impact drag are the frontal area of the vehicle and the drag coefficient. The drag coefficient is a unit-less value that denotes how much an object resists movement through a fluid such as water or air. A potential complication of altering a vehicle's aerodynamics is that it may cause the vehicle to get too much lift.