Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Saponification is a process of cleaving esters into carboxylate salts and alcohols by the action of aqueous alkali. Typically aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions are used. [1] [2] It is an important type of alkaline hydrolysis. When the carboxylate is long chain, its salt is called a soap. The saponification of ethyl acetate gives sodium acetate ...
In theoretical chemistry, Marcus theory is a theory originally ... N 2 substitution of the saponification of an alkyl halide where ... energy relation is found.
Alkaline hydrolysis of esters is also known as saponification. A base such as sodium hydroxide is required in stochiometric amounts. Unlike acid-catalyzed ester hydrolysis, it is not an equilibrium reaction and proceeds to completion.
Perhaps the oldest commercially practiced example of ester hydrolysis is saponification (formation of soap). It is the hydrolysis of a triglyceride (fat) with an aqueous base such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH). During the process, glycerol is formed, and the fatty acids react with the base, converting them to salts. These salts are called soaps ...
An image from John Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy, the first modern explanation of atomic theory.. This timeline of chemistry lists important works, discoveries, ideas, inventions, and experiments that significantly changed humanity's understanding of the modern science known as chemistry, defined as the scientific study of the composition of matter and of its interactions.
Contrary to common misconception found in organic chemistry textbooks, phenols can also be esterified to give good to near quantitative yield of products. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Commonly used catalysts for a Fischer esterification include sulfuric acid , p -toluenesulfonic acid , and Lewis acids such as scandium(III) triflate .
The following dates are approximations. 700 BC: Pythagoras's theorem is discovered by Baudhayana in the Hindu Shulba Sutras in Upanishadic India. [18] However, Indian mathematics, especially North Indian mathematics, generally did not have a tradition of communicating proofs, and it is not fully certain that Baudhayana or Apastamba knew of a proof.
Carl Alexander Neuberg (29 July 1877 – 30 May 1956) was an early pioneer in biochemistry, and he has sometimes been referred to as the "father of modern biochemistry". [1] [2] His notable contribution to science includes the discovery of the carboxylase and the elucidation of alcoholic fermentation which he showed to be a process of successive enzymatic steps, an understanding that became ...