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Earthworms are shifting their ranges northwards into forests between 45° and 69° latitude in North America that have lacked native earthworms since the last ice age. [3] Of the 182 taxa of earthworms found in the United States and Canada, 60 (33%) are introduced species, these earthworm species are primarily from Europe and Asia.
Approximately 182 earthworm taxa in twelve families are reported from the United States and Canada, of which sixty (about 33%) are introduced. [4] Only two genera of lumbricid earthworms are indigenous to North America while introduced genera have spread to areas without any native species, especially in the north where forest ecosystems rely on a large amount of undecayed leaf matter.
In North America, the term nightcrawler (or vitalis) is also used, and more specifically Canadian nightcrawler, referring to the fact that the large majority of these worms sold commercially (usually as fishing bait) are from Southern Ontario. In Canada, it is also called the dew worm, or "Grandaddy Earthworm".
Earthworm head. Depending on the species, an adult earthworm can be from 10 mm (0.39 in) long and 1 mm (0.039 in) wide to 3 m (9.8 ft) long and over 25 mm (0.98 in) wide, but the typical Lumbricus terrestris grows to about 360 mm (14 in) long. [9]
Megascolecidae is a family of earthworms native to Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, Asia, and North America. [2] At up to 2 meters in length, [3] their large size distinguishes the Megascolecidae from other earthworm families. They are an essential part of maintaining soil structure, minor carbon sequestration, and maintaining terrestrial ...
The Lumbricidae are a family of earthworms.About 33 lumbricid species have become naturalized around the world, [1] but the bulk of the species are in the Holarctic region: from Canada (e.g. Bimastos lawrenceae on Vancouver Island) and the United States (e.g. Eisenoides carolinensis, Eisenoides lonnbergi and most Bimastos spp.) and throughout Eurasia to Japan (e.g. Eisenia japonica, E. koreana ...
Earthworm Ecology and Biogeography in North America. CRC Press. pp. 53– 61. ISBN 978-1566700535. Jordan, Sarah Foltz (2009). "Species Fact Sheet: Oregon giant earthworm (Driloleirus macelfreshi)" (PDF). The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation. Smith, Frank (1937). "New North American species of earthworms of the family Megascolecidae".
D. meansi can be over 18 inches, and is the second longest earthworm in North America. Diplocardia meansi inhabits drier areas of the mountain, and is not found in mesic and saturated soils nears seeps or streams. It occurs mostly in poor developed talus soils. During rains in May, D. meansi can be seen plentifully on the surface, potentially ...