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  2. Bearing capacity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearing_capacity

    The bearing capacity of soil is the maximum average contact pressure between the foundation and the soil which should not produce shear failure in the soil. Ultimate bearing capacity is the theoretical maximum pressure which can be supported without failure; allowable bearing capacity is the ultimate bearing capacity divided by a factor of ...

  3. Soil mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_mechanics

    Allowable bearing stress is the bearing capacity divided by a factor of safety. Sometimes, on soft soil sites, large settlements may occur under loaded foundations without actual shear failure occurring; in such cases, the allowable bearing stress is determined with regard to the maximum allowable settlement.

  4. Cone penetration test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cone_penetration_test

    The cone penetration or cone penetrometer test (CPT) is a method used to determine the geotechnical engineering properties of soils and delineating soil stratigraphy. It was initially developed in the 1950s at the Dutch Laboratory for Soil Mechanics in Delft to investigate soft soils. Based on this history it has also been called the "Dutch ...

  5. Physical properties of soil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_properties_of_soil

    Soil mineral components belonging to a given textural class may thus share properties linked to their specific surface area (e.g. moisture retention) but not those linked to their chemical composition (e.g. cation exchange capacity). Soil components larger than 2.0 mm (0.079 in) are classed as rock and gravel and are removed before determining ...

  6. Shallow foundation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shallow_foundation

    Soil conditions may prevent other footings from being used. Since this type of foundation distributes the load coming from the building uniformly over a considerably large area, it is favored when individual footings are unfeasible due to the low bearing capacity of the soil. Diagrams of the types of shallow foundations.

  7. Unified Soil Classification System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Soil...

    The Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) is a soil classification system used in engineering and geology to describe the texture and grain size of a soil. The classification system can be applied to most unconsolidated materials, and is represented by a two-letter symbol. Each letter is described below (with the exception of Pt):

  8. Soil matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_matrix

    In soils, clay is a soil textural class and is defined in a physical sense as any mineral particle less than 2 μm (8 × 10 −5 in) in effective diameter. Many soil minerals, such as gypsum , carbonates, or quartz, are small enough to be classified as clay based on their physical size, but chemically they do not afford the same utility as do ...

  9. Bureau of Soils and Water Management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Soils_and_Water...

    The Philippines' Bureau of Soils and Water Management (Filipino: Kawanihan ng Pamamahala sa Lupa at Tubig, [1] abbreviated as BSWM), is an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Agriculture responsible for advising and rendering assistance on matters relative to the utilization of soils and water as vital agricultural resources.