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  2. PhET Interactive Simulations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhET_Interactive_Simulations

    PhET Interactive Simulations is part of the University of Colorado Boulder which is a member of the Association of American Universities. [10] The team changes over time and has about 16 members consisting of professors, post-doctoral students, researchers, education specialists, software engineers (sometimes contractors), educators, and administrative assistants. [11]

  3. Instructional simulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instructional_simulation

    An instructional simulation, also called an educational simulation, is a simulation of some type of reality (system or environment) but which also includes instructional elements that help a learner explore, navigate or obtain more information about that system or environment that cannot generally be acquired from mere experimentation.

  4. Wiedemann–Franz law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiedemann–Franz_law

    Electric circuit with metal and a battery U. The arrows indicate the direction of the electric field E and the electric current density j. Qualitatively, this relationship is based upon the fact that the heat and electrical transport both involve the free electrons in the metal. The mathematical expression of the law can be derived as following.

  5. Logic gate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_gate

    The mutual goal of IEEE Std 91-1984 and IEC 617-12 was to provide a uniform method of describing the complex logic functions of digital circuits with schematic symbols. These functions were more complex than simple AND and OR gates. They could be medium-scale circuits such as a 4-bit counter to a large-scale circuit such as a microprocessor.

  6. Band gap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_gap

    Based on their band structure, materials are characterised with a direct band gap or indirect band gap. In the free-electron model, k is the momentum of a free electron and assumes unique values within the Brillouin zone that outlines the periodicity of the crystal lattice.

  7. Electronic band structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_band_structure

    Since a macroscopic piece of material contains on the order of 10 22 atoms, this is not a serious restriction; band theory even applies to microscopic-sized transistors in integrated circuits. With modifications, the concept of band structure can also be extended to systems which are only "large" along some dimensions, such as two-dimensional ...

  8. Dissipation factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissipation_factor

    When representing the electrical circuit parameters as vectors in a complex plane, known as phasors, a capacitor's dissipation factor is equal to the tangent of the angle between the capacitor's impedance vector and the negative reactive axis, as shown in the adjacent diagram.

  9. Geometrical optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrical_optics

    Geometrical optics, or ray optics, is a model of optics that describes light propagation in terms of rays.The ray in geometrical optics is an abstraction useful for approximating the paths along which light propagates under certain circumstances.