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Treatment for polycythemia varies, and typically involves treating its underlying cause. [6] Treatment of primary polycythemia (see polycythemia vera) could involve phlebotomy, antiplatelet therapy to reduce risk of blood clots, and additional cytoreductive therapy to reduce the number of red blood cells produced in the bone marrow. [7]
In oncology, polycythemia vera (PV) is an uncommon myeloproliferative neoplasm in which the bone marrow makes too many red blood cells. [1] The majority of cases [ 2 ] are caused by mutations in the JAK2 gene, most commonly resulting in a single amino acid change in its protein product from valine to phenylalanine at position 617.
[3] [6] Ropeginterferon alfa-2b is the first medication approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat polycythemia vera that people can take regardless of their treatment history, and the first interferon therapy specifically approved for polycythemia vera. [3] The FDA considers it to be a first-in-class medication. [7]
A third Imago-sponsored global clinical trial for the treatment of essential thrombocythemia was begun in 2020. [10] The results of this global study have also been presented at the American Society of Hematology and the European Hematology Association. A fourth trial begun in 2023 for the treatment of polycythemia vera is ongoing. [11]
Hydroxycarbamide, also known as hydroxyurea, is an antimetabolite medication used in sickle-cell disease, essential thrombocythemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, polycythemia vera, and cervical cancer.
Polycythemia can make the blood thicker than normal and therefore lead to complications. Partial exchange transfusion has been used as a treatment to prevent complications, and has been shown to improve cerebral blood flow, [10] but there is no evidence that it prevents long-term complications. [8]
Ruxolitinib (sold under the brand names Jakafi and Jakavi among others, and as Opzelura in cream form) is a medication used for the treatment of intermediate or high-risk myelofibrosis, [6] a type of myeloproliferative neoplasm that affects the bone marrow; [11] [12] polycythemia vera, when there has been an inadequate response to or intolerance of hydroxyurea; [6] [13] and steroid-refractory ...
In 2016, Impact Biomedicines acquired the rights to fedratinib from Sanofi and continued its development for the treatment of myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera. In January 2018, the drug's rights were transferred to Celgene with their purchase of Impact Biomedicines. [9] Fedratinib was approved for medical use in the United States in August 2019.