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The tables below contain a sample list of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine analogs that are commonly prescribed, with their basic pharmacological characteristics, such as half-life and equivalent doses to other benzodiazepines, also listed, along with their trade names and primary uses.
[24]: 275 The benzodiazepines with a longer half-life make detoxification more tolerable, and dangerous (and potentially lethal) alcohol withdrawal effects are less likely to occur. On the other hand, short-acting benzodiazepines may lead to breakthrough seizures, and are, therefore, not recommended for detoxification in an outpatient setting.
Temazepam is a short-acting benzodiazepine and hypnotic. [8] [7] ... with the short half-life ranging from 0.4 to 0.6 hours and the terminal half-life from 3.5 to 18. ...
Midazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine in adults with an elimination half-life of 1.5–2.5 hours. [13] In the elderly, as well as young children and adolescents, the elimination half-life is longer. [44] [66] Midazolam is metabolised into an active metabolite alpha-hydroxymidazolam.
It has a mean elimination half life of about 3.4 hours. [4] [2] [3] Etizolam possesses potent hypnotic properties, [23] and is comparable with other short-acting benzodiazepines. [4] Etizolam acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABA A receptor by agonizing the receptor's benzodiazepine site. [24]
Oxazepam is an intermediate-acting benzodiazepine of the 3-hydroxy family; it acts on benzodiazepine receptors, resulting in increased effect of GABA to the GABA A receptor which results in inhibitory effects on the central nervous system. [26] [27] The half-life of oxazepam is between 6 and 9 hours.
Clotiazepam has a short elimination half-life and is less prone to accumulation after repeated dosing compared to longer-acting benzodiazepine agents. It is metabolised via oxidation. [ 14 ] Clotiazepam is metabolised to hydroxy-clotiazepam and desmethyl-clotiazepam.
Prazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative drug developed by Warner-Lambert in the 1960s. [2] It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. [3] Prazepam, (Elimination half-life 29-224h), is a prodrug for desmethyldiazepam, (Elimination half-life 36-200h), which is responsible for the therapeutic effects ...