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Urinary tract infection in pediatric patients is a significant clinical issue, affecting approximately 7% of fevered infants and children. [43] If left untreated, the infection can ascend from the bladder to the kidneys, resulting in acute pyelonephritis, which leads to hypertension , kidney scarring , and end-stage kidney disease .
Nitrofurantoin, sold under the brand name Macrobid among others, is an antibacterial medication of the nitrofuran class used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs), although it is not as effective for kidney infections. [16] It is taken by mouth. [16] Common side effects include nausea, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and headaches. [16]
Pyelonephritis occurs between 20 and 30 times less frequently. [4] They are the most common cause of hospital-acquired infections accounting for approximately 40%. [ 115 ] Rates of asymptomatic bacteria in the urine increase with age from two to seven percent in women of child-bearing age to as high as 50% in elderly women in care homes. [ 42 ]
Nitrofurantoin — a drug used to treat urinary tract infections [3] Ranbezolid — technically an oxazolidinone antibiotic bearing a nitrofuran group; Antimicrobials. Furaltadone — an antiprotozoal; Furazidine — an antibacterial and antiprotozoal Furaginum — an antibacterial; Furylfuramide — a formerly used food preservative
The aim of treatment is to reduce renal scarring. Those children with grade II or worse should receive low dose prophylactic antibiotics (Nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim, cotrimoxazole, cefalexin in those with CRF). Hypertension should be managed with ACE inhibitor or ARBs. Other treatment modalities include surgery (endoscopic injection of ...
Pyelonephritis is inflammation of the kidney, typically due to a bacterial infection. [3] Symptoms most often include fever and flank tenderness . [ 2 ] Other symptoms may include nausea , burning with urination , and frequent urination . [ 2 ]
Clinical symptoms in patients with pyonephrosis can range from frank sepsis (15%) to asymptomatic bacteriuria.Upon physical examination, the hydronephrotic kidney may be linked to a palpable abdominal mass. [4]
Nephritic syndrome is a syndrome comprising signs of nephritis, which is kidney disease involving inflammation.It often occurs in the glomerulus, where it is called glomerulonephritis.