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The test was developed in the Handyside v.United Kingdom, Silver v. United Kingdom, and Lingens v. Austria cases, related to freedom of expression. It has also been invoked in cases involving state surveillance, which the court acknowledges can constitute an Article 8 violation but may be "strictly necessary for safeguarding the democratic institutions" (Klass and Others v.
The ECtHR likewise found the judgment was not a breach of Article 8. [6] Rotaru v. Romania [2000] ECHR 192 – Public information that is systematically collected and stored in files held by a state or its agents falls within the scope of private life. [7] Pretty v. United Kingdom [2002] – Article 8
The Cognitive Abilities Test Fourth Edition (CAT4) is an alternative set of cognitive tests used by many schools in the UK, Ireland, and internationally. [7] The tests were created by GL Education [8] to assess cognitive abilities and predict the future performance of a student. It consists of eight subtests: figure classification; figure ...
Sententia and Boire define cognitive liberty as "the right of each individual to think independently and autonomously, to use the full power of his or her mind, and to engage in multiple modes of thought." [13] The CCLE is a network of scholars dedicated to protecting freedom of thought in the modern world of accelerating neurotechnologies.
The Cognitive Rigor Matrix included in the article is often made available as a separate document, with example activities included in each cell of the matrix. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] The Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium adopted the concept of Cognitive Rigor and the Hess Matrix in 2012 to measure the rigor of test items for the Next Generation of ...
The Cognitive Theory of Inquiry Teaching, also referred to as the Cognitive Theory of Interactive Teaching, was developed by Allan Collins and Albert L. Stevens (Collins & Stevens, 1981). Allan Collins was a chief scientist at Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc., a research firm in Cambridge Massachusetts.
A recent report by the National Center on Education and the Economy, believes that the education system is neither coherent nor likely to see improvements due to the nature of it. [10] A critical race theory analysis of the history of education reform in the United States reveals the influence of systemic racism on educational policy ...
The right to education has been recognized as a human right in a number of international conventions, including the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights which recognizes a right to free, primary education for all, an obligation to develop secondary education accessible to all with the progressive introduction of free secondary education, as well as an obligation to ...