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Phytophthora quercina is a papillate homothallic soil-borne plant pathogen causing root rot of oak tree species in Europe. [1] It is associated with necrotic fine roots. [2]In culture, this species shows a uniform, dome-shaped and cottonwool-like colony growth pattern.
Inonotus dryadeus is a parasitic saprobic fungus, [1] with spores entering wounds on broadleaf trees (predominantly oak, although sometimes maple, elm and chestnut). [4] The fungus is primarily a root decay fungus, rotting the below−ground parts of roots. Detection is often difficult if the conks have not developed.
Inonotus andersonii, also known as oak canker-rot and heart rot, is a species of resupinate polypore fungus that forms fruiting bodies underneath tree bark. [1] I. andersonii induces canker rot in oak, hickory, cottonwood, and willow trees. [2] [3] Wood that has been infected by this species appears bleached of color and crumbles easily.
The best-known types are brown rot, soft rot, and white rot. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Each produce different enzymes, can degrade different plant materials, and can colonise different environmental niches. [ 6 ] Brown rot and soft rot both digest a tree's cellulose and hemicellulose but not its lignin; white rot digests lignin as well.
In trees, heart rot is a fungal disease that causes the decay of wood at the center of the trunk and branches. Fungi enter the tree through wounds in the bark and decay the heartwood . The diseased heartwood softens, making trees structurally weaker and prone to breakage.
The disease is spread from tree to tree through root grafts and over larger distances by sap-feeding beetles (Nitidulidae) and the small oak bark beetle. Shoestring root rot ( Armillaria mellea ) attacks black oak and may kill trees weakened by fire, lightning, drought, insects, or other diseases.