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In addition to o-cymene, there are two other geometric isomers called m-cymene, in which the alkyl groups are meta-substituted, and p-cymene, in which they are para-substituted. p-Cymene is the only isomer found in nature. The three isomers form the group of cymenes. Cymenes can be produced by alkylation of toluene with propylene. [1] [2]
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ch 3 c 6 h 5 + 2 ch 3 ch=ch 2 → ch 3 c 6 h 4 ch(ch 3) 2 These alkylations are catalyzed by various Lewis acids , such as aluminium trichloride . m- and p-Cymene are mainly of interest as precursors to the respective cresols , which exploits the Hock rearrangements .
In addition to p-cymene, two less common geometric isomers are o-cymene, in which the alkyl groups are ortho-substituted, and m-cymene, in which they are meta-substituted. p-Cymene is the only natural isomer, as expected from the terpene rule. All three isomers form the group of cymenes. Cymene is also produced by alkylation of toluene with ...
Thymol (also known as 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol, IPMP), C 10 H 14 O, is a natural monoterpenoid phenol derivative of p-Cymene, isomeric with carvacrol.It occurs naturally in the oil of thyme, and it is extracted from Thymus vulgaris (common thyme), ajwain, [4] and various other plants as a white crystalline substance of a pleasant aromatic odor and strong antiseptic properties.
The biodegradation of p-Chlorocresol [8] is done in the liver, and then excreted primarily via the kidneys or in smaller amounts through the lungs. In facultative Thauera sp. strain DO, p-Chlorocresol was degraded aerobically either by dehalogenation followed by catechol degradation pathway, or methyl oxidation to 4-chlorobenzoate. [9]
Carvacrol is present in the essential oil of Origanum vulgare (oregano), oil of thyme, oil obtained from pepperwort, and wild bergamot. [5] The essential oil of thyme subspecies contains between 5% and 75% of carvacrol, while Satureja (savory) subspecies have a content between 1% and 45%. [6]
In addition to m-cymene, there are two other geometric isomers called o-cymene, in which the alkyl groups are ortho-substituted, and p-cymene, in which they are para-substituted. p-Cymene is the most common and only natural isomer. The three isomers form the group of cymenes. Cymenes can be produced by alkylation of toluene with propylene. [1] [2]