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  2. Soil horizon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_horizon

    A soil layer is a zone in the soil, approximately parallel to the soil surface, with properties different from layers above and/or below it. If at least one of these properties is the result of soil-forming processes, the layer is called a soil horizon. In the following, the term layer is used to indicate the possibility that soil-forming ...

  3. Stratification (vegetation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratification_(vegetation)

    Besides the superposition of different plants growing on the same soil, there is a lateral impact of the higher layers on adjacent plant communities, for example, at the edges of forests and bushes. This particular vegetation structure results in the growth of certain vegetation types such as forest mantle and margin communities. [citation needed]

  4. Soil formation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_formation

    Plants with deep taproots can penetrate many metres through the different soil layers to bring up nutrients from deeper in the profile. [77] Plants have fine roots that excrete organic compounds (sugars, organic acids, mucilage), slough off cells (in particular at their tip), and are easily decomposed, adding organic matter to soil, a process ...

  5. Soil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil

    Compaction, a common problem with soils, reduces this space, preventing air and water from reaching plant roots and soil organisms. [35] Given sufficient time, an undifferentiated soil will evolve a soil profile that consists of two or more layers, referred to as soil horizons.

  6. Soil structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_structure

    The benefits of improving soil structure for the growth of plants, particularly in an agricultural setting, include: reduced erosion due to greater soil aggregate strength and decreased overland flow; improved root penetration and access to soil moisture and nutrients; improved emergence of seedlings due to reduced crusting of the surface; and ...

  7. Soil science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_science

    A soil scientist examining horizons within a soil profile. Soil science is the study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the Earth including soil formation, classification and mapping; physical, chemical, biological, and fertility properties of soils; and these properties in relation to the use and management of soils.