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Complications of liver biopsy are rare but potentially lethal. [7] The majority of complications (60%) occur within two hours, and 96% occur within 24 hours following the procedure. [ 7 ] Approximately 2–3% of patients undergoing liver biopsy require hospitalization for the management of an adverse event.
A biopsy is not necessary if the clinical, laboratory, and radiologic data suggest cirrhosis. Furthermore, a small but significant risk of complications is associated with liver biopsy, and cirrhosis itself predisposes for complications caused by liver biopsy. [96] Once the biopsy is obtained, a pathologist will study the sample.
Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) or veno-occlusive disease with immunodeficiency is a potentially life-threatening condition in which some of the small veins in the liver are obstructed. It is a complication of high-dose chemotherapy given before a bone marrow transplant or excessive exposure to hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids.
Risk Factors for Fatty Liver Disease. Having overweight or obesity is a major risk factor for fatty liver disease. Estimates suggest that up to 75 percent of people with overweight have NAFLD, and ...
Furthermore, the invasive nature of liver biopsy and the associated risks of complications (which can range from pain, haemorrhage, gallbladder perforation and other morbidities through to death in approximately 1 in 10,000 cases) prevent it being used as a regular monitoring tool.
For liver fibrosis assessment, percutaneous liver biopsy, with or without image guidance, is contraindicated in uncooperative people. [70] Transjugular liver biopsy is indicated for any person with diffuse liver disease who needs a biopsy but has a contraindication to percutaneous biopsy or needs a hemodynamic evaluation for diagnostic purposes.