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The United States Senate ratified U.S. participation in the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) on April 25, 1997. [1] On October 25, 1998 the U.S. Congress passed the Chemical Weapons Implementation Act of 1998, [2] legislation which formally implemented the treaty's many provisions. [1]
Fiji became the first state to ratify the Convention on January 20, 1993. [1] Pursuant to article 21 of the Convention, it entered into force on April 29, 1997, after it had been ratified by 65 states. [1] The Convention was closed for signature on the preceding day, and states that did not sign the Convention can now only accede to it.
The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), officially the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction, is an arms control treaty administered by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), an intergovernmental organization based in The Hague, Netherlands.
Schedule 1 is divided into Part A substances, which are chemicals that can be used directly as weapons, and Part B which are precursors useful in the manufacture of chemical weapons. Examples are mustard and nerve agents, and substances which are solely used as precursor chemicals in their manufacture.
On the chemical weapons side, the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) implements the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). [2] OPCW was created in 1997, the year the CWC entered into force, and is mandated to investigate allegations of chemical weapons use, with the exception of investigations in states that have not joined ...
The case was remanded to the Third Circuit, for a decision on the merits, which again ruled against Bond. On appeal, the Supreme Court reversed and remanded again, ruling that the Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act of 1998 did not reach Bond's actions and she could not be charged under that federal law. [1]
The reasoning behind the prohibition is pragmatic: use of CS by one combatant could easily trigger retaliation with much more toxic chemical weapons such as nerve agents. Only five countries have not signed the Chemical Weapons Convention and are therefore unhindered by restrictions on the use of CS gas: Angola, Egypt, North Korea, Somalia, and ...
The United States chemical weapons program began in 1917 during World War I with the creation of the U.S. Army's Gas Service Section and ended 73 years later in 1990 with the country's practical adoption of the Chemical Weapons Convention (signed 1993; entered into force, 1997). Destruction of stockpiled chemical weapons began in 1985 and is ...