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Encephalitis lethargica is an atypical form of encephalitis.Also known as "sleeping sickness" or "sleepy sickness" (distinct from tsetse fly–transmitted sleeping sickness), it was first described in 1917 by neurologist Constantin von Economo [2] [3] and pathologist Jean-René Cruchet. [4]
Encephalitis with meningitis is known as meningoencephalitis, while encephalitis with involvement of the spinal cord is known as encephalomyelitis. [ 2 ] The word is from Ancient Greek ἐγκέφαλος , enképhalos 'brain', [ 37 ] composed of ἐν , en , 'in' and κεφαλή , kephalé , 'head', and the medical suffix -itis 'inflammation'.
Historically, starting in 1917 an epidemic of encephalitis lethargica, also called von Economo's encephalitis or "sleepy-disease" occurred, possibly related to the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic; however, even with the use of modern molecular diagnostic tests on appropriate corpses, no firm link between encephalitis lethargica and influenza has been ...
L0015288 Title page of "Encephalitis Lethargica" Economo, 1931 Credit: Wellcome Library, London.
Encephalitis lethargica is a neurological syndrome that causes lethargy, a “mask like” face, excessive blood in the meninges, and other general neurological symptoms. [5] Officially recognized as its own condition in 1917, it is believed to have existed far longer in human history. [5] It is known to cause post-encephalitic parkinsonism. [3]
Klazomania (from the Greek κλάζω ("klazo")—to scream) refers to compulsive shouting; [1] it has features resembling the complex tics such as echolalia, palilalia and coprolalia seen in tic disorders, but has been seen in people with encephalitis lethargica, alcohol use disorder, and carbon monoxide poisoning. [2]
Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis is a rare inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system, [3] first described by Edwin Bickerstaff in 1951. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It may also affect the peripheral nervous system , and has features in common with both Miller Fisher syndrome and Guillain–Barré syndrome .
In 1969, Dr. Malcolm Sayer is a dedicated and caring physician at a local hospital in the New York City borough of the Bronx.After working extensively with the catatonic patients who survived the 1919–1930 epidemic of encephalitis lethargica, Sayer discovers that certain stimuli will reach beyond the patients' respective catatonic states.