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Whether you take a gentle parenting approach or make your expectations for your kids crystal clear, experts say there are three main concepts that stemmed the parenting styles we adopt today.
Baumrind studied the effects of corporal punishment on children, and concluded that mild spanking, in the context of an authoritative (not authoritarian) parenting style, is unlikely to have a significant detrimental effect, if one is careful to control for other variables such as socioeconomic status. [11]
Father and children reading. According to a literature review by Christopher Spera (2005), Darling and Steinberg (1993) suggest that it is important to better understand the differences between parenting styles and parenting practices: "Parenting practices are defined as specific behaviors that parents use to socialize their children", while parenting style is "the emotional climate in which ...
Children from dysfunctional environments also have a tendency to demonstrate learned unhealthy attachments due to intergenerational dysfunctional parenting. [16] The effects of a disordered upbringing may induce an array of mental health issues, including depression and anxiety. [17]
Trustful parenting is a child-centered parenting style in which parents trust their children to make decisions, play and explore on their own, and learn from their own mistakes. Research professor Peter Gray argues that trustful parenting was the dominant parenting style in prehistoric hunter-gatherer societies.
A total of 79.4% of the perpetrators of abused and neglected children are the parents of the victims, and of those 79.4% parents, 61% exclusively neglect their children. [2] The physical, emotional, and cognitive developmental impacts from early childhood neglect can be detrimental, as the effects from the neglect can carry on into adulthood.
Retrieved 26 May 2012 from Parentlink - Abuse of parents; Retrieved 26 May 2012 from Parenting and Child Health - Health Topics - Child violence against parents at the Wayback Machine (archived 2012-06-06) Retrieved 5 June 2012 from ; Lack of support for parents who live in fear of their teenagers, study shows; Jiménez Arroyo, S. (2017).
Secure children have more positive and fewer negative peer reactions and establish more and better friendships. Insecure-ambivalent children have a tendency to anxiously but unsuccessfully seek positive peer interaction whereas insecure-avoidant children appear aggressive and hostile and may actively repudiate positive peer interaction.